Here is an explanation of terminology used in this site. 

Assertion	Marks confident or forceful fact or belief in statement
Confirmation	Marks the speakers desire to receive or show agreement
Conjunction	Means to join multiple sentences or phrases into one
Contractions	Shortened form of one or two words
Direct Object Marker	Marker for the object receiving the action (thing being acted upon)
Dictionary Form	How a word appears in the dictionary
Feminine Speech	Sentence ending speech pattern interpreted as a soft voice
Kansai Terms	Refers to terms of Japanese dialect originated in the kansai region of Japan
Long Form	Sentence ending conjugation pattern in affirmative, negative, present, and past
Non-Past Affirmative	Present or future tense of a positive statement
Noun	Person, place or thing
Particle	Words that show the relationships between other words in a sentence
Past Tense	Verb tense showing something that has already happened.
Phrase Divider	Splits up a sentence into phrases
Potential Form	Form expressing the ability to do something
Question Marker	Marks a question being asked
Short Form	Conjugation form used in many situation for verbs, adjectives and nouns
Stem Form	The part of the word that comes before ます(also referred to as pre-ますform)
Subject Marker	Marks the noun that performs an action
Topic Marker	Marks the topic of discussion
U- Verb	Verbs that end with a (u) ending sound. (Some u-verbs end in る)
い- Adjective	Adjectives that end in い
て- Form	Conjugation pattern with multiple functions. (ie: join sentences, make a request, or give permission)
な- Adjective	Adjectives that end in な
る- Verb	Verbs that end with a (る) when written in dictionary form